UNDERSTANDING UROLOGY
Scrotal & testicular swellings
Lumps and swellings in the scrotum are common. Most are not cancer – causes include fluid collections, cysts, swollen veins, hernias and infection – but any new lump should be checked by a doctor.
What you may notice
- A lump or swelling in a testicle or the scrotum
- One testicle becoming larger, firmer or changing shape
- A dull ache or heavy feeling in the scrotum
- A swelling that changes size or extends into the groin
- Pain, redness or warmth
Get help quickly if
- Sudden, severe pain in a testicle – this can be a twisted testicle (torsion), which needs treatment within hours. Call 112 or go to an emergency department straight away
- Testicle pain with nausea, vomiting or tummy pain
- Testicle pain that lasts more than an hour or continues while you rest
- A new lump, or a change in the shape or feel of a testicle – see a doctor soon
In an emergency in Kuwait, call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department.
How it is usually assessed
- An examination of the scrotum
- An ultrasound scan, which is quick and painless
- Sometimes urine or blood tests
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the cause. Many fluid collections and cysts need no treatment unless they are troublesome, when a small operation can help. Infections are treated with antibiotics, and a hernia or swollen veins may be repaired. Torsion needs urgent surgery. If cancer is suspected, further tests and specialist treatment follow – testicular cancer is one of the most treatable cancers, especially when found early.
What you can do
- Get to know how your testicles normally feel, so you notice changes
- A simple self-check once a month, for example after a warm shower, can help
Based on NHS patient information: nhs.uk/symptoms/testicle-pain/
This page is general information, not a personal medical assessment. Speak with a clinician about your own situation before starting or changing any treatment.